Role Of Hrm And The Problems Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3451 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? In this proposal I will try my utmost to give a brief introduction of my intended research, along with its keys elements, structure and complete design. I have decided to broaden my research on Human Resource Management, in a particularly targeted area. The importance of the Recruitment and Selection Process which is very vital for any organizations success and a failure in this area might lead up to poor job performance in the future. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Role Of Hrm And The Problems Business Essay" essay for you Create order This project is about to identify to get to an appropriate resolution of the Problems faced by HR Managers when going through the process of Recruitment and Selection. I have focused on the particular problem for instance, to determine the need for the vacancy, job description, and person specification, selection of right means of advertising, a proper wholesome procedure to follow for instance the reliability and validity. In order to look into the problems faced by HR Managers, I would as for the first step, will try to address/ define HR, the role of the H R manager and the whole process of recruitment and selection, will also use different methodology like work sample, graphology, assessment centres, face -to-face interviews. Define the problems with current recruitment and selection and how and in what way they effect on the organisations and their efficiency and productivity. I would present the best solutions like use of performance based and competency based approaches for the determination of a criteria to provide with best results for recruitment and selection. Afterwards I will delve in more depth with more insight; in particular i would address and highlight the problems and issues related to the selection and recruitment. Objective Human Resource Management is not entirely a new field/branch of study in any way, it might not have been called so but in fact it has played its role quiet importantly with its essential elements in all forms and shapes. but as we see that now it has been given and gaining more importance around the globe. In the past few decades the organisations has realised the importance of learning new methods to enhance the efficiency of their employees, on an individual level and as well as on a whole or a group. By adopting new techniques and methods they recruiters have made a remarkable results so far which not only enhanced their skills and capabilities to pick the right people for right jobs but also gave a boost to make the organization ns more efficient and productive for which they have been assigned the task of recruitment .Overall objective of my thesis is to highlight the significance and challenges faced by the HR managers by addressing a few main questions in general. Justification for the Project (why) Human Resource Management is an exclusively important function of any business or organisation irrespective of their corporate nature or strategies. Now in todays modern world, employees or workforce is becoming increasingly diverse and organizations are trying injecting more and more techniques in order to maximize the efficiency of its different employees. Human Resource Managers are now becoming frontline key players from the old school sideline player and playing a significant part in organization building. Organizations are nowadays relying much more on their managers than they used to in old days to hunt out such people who can get the job done and of course, put the company on the list of more profitable organizations. Human Resources have always been playing an integral or central part to organizations but their strategic importance is growing bigger and bigger in todays knowledge-based corporate world like never before. An organizations success increasingly depends on the information, skills, professionalism and abilities of its employees to perform in accordance with the job descriptions they have been hired for and how well they can use their employees for the achievement of corporate goals, maximization of shareholders capital. This project will help in trying to understand the problems faced by corporate organizations, where they have a large number of diverse forces in action within the perfectly competitive environment with firms having no bargain power especially where there corporate activities are not as strong as required, and how I have to look into this issue and analyse it to present a practically possible way out is what more important and significant to explain. It becomes a lot easier to find solutions when you develop an in depth understanding of the problem concerned and the causes related to it. Research Questions I would like to touch the following core issues and questions during my research and will aim at the core issues related to it. I would also try to explain in detail What is Human Resource Management is and its elements? What is the role of HRM Managers in the contemporary business organisations? What are the main or core issues related to the Selection and Recruitments and problems arising out of this and commonly faced by the HRM Managers? Literature Review There is a huge range and variety of material available on the subject which I have chosen for my dissertation. Books, e-books, articles and journals are available on the selected aforesaid subject and its particular areas of interest. In writing down my report I will try to refer to all the sources mentioned above as much as possible and would try to make the most of the resources and all helping materials available for in depth knowledge of the area of subject chosen Human Resource Management There are number of ways to explain the term Human Resources Management, but in the broadly speaking we can say that HRM is an organizations most valued assets consisting of people who work for it and contribute to the company on both an individual and collective basis. Human Resource Management is the strategic and logical way to look after them and their interests in a way that organization could bear more fruit of their performance and to make it more beneficial in corporate rivals. The main features of HRM are: To achieve a fit between the business and the H R, by emphasizing, more on it and the strategic management of its people. A comprehensives and consistent approach to the provision of mutually supporting employment policies and practices, i.e. the development of integrated HR policies and practices. The importance placed on gaining commitment to the organizations mission and values-it is commitment oriented. The treatment of people as assets rather than cos ts as they are regarded as a source of competitive advantage as human capital to be invested in through the provision of learning and development opportunities. The performance and delivery of HRM as a line management responsibility. HRM aims to help the organization to achieve success through people. As Ulrich and Lake (1990) remark, HRM systems can be the source of organizational capabilities that allow firms to learn and capitalize on new opportunities. HRM is concerned with both meeting human capital requirement and the development of process capabilities, in other words, the ability to get things done effectively. The Role of Human Resource Manager The personnel or HR managers work is directly related to the employees. It involves recruiting and training them, conveying the managements expectations, pay-roll, justifying managements actions, seeking to modify management actions that could produce unwelcome employee response and satisfying employees work related needs. Although HR is a management function, HR interests are different to traditional management interests, in the sense that the interests evolve around the employees, and when not able to understand and articulate them, it becomes ineffective. (M. Malcolm, J. Tricia). In broader sense we can say that the role of an HR Manager includes following duties: Finding employees Training employees Arranging payments Explaining management expectations Justifying management actions Satisfying employees work-related needs Dealing with employees problems Seeking to modify managements actions Enhancing motivation, commitment and job engagement Recruitment and Selection The importance of the recruitment and selection process is vital for organization success, and a failure in this area can lead to poor future job performance. As organizations respond to economical and technological pressures, job roles can also change, and this needs to also be taken into account. The process of staff recruitment and selection is complex, and HR functions, as described above, are in place to maximize chances of success. (Nankervis, Compton McCarthy, 1999, p190) Theories of Recruitment Recruitment Strategies 1. Objective theory 2. Subjective theory 3. Critical Contact theory Types of Recruitment There are two types recruitment in Human Resource Management, i.e. internal and external. This means that a person already employed by the firm can fill a vacancy or an outsider can be appointed. Internal recruitment External recruitment Problem likely to be faced by Human Resource manager Companies and human resource professionals have made great inroads and improvements in the area of recruitment and selection over the years. It is surprising, however, by the recurring problems that plague many recruitment and selection processes time and cost inefficiencies, low validity and reliability, high turnover and high potential for grievances and litigation. Despite this mountain of problems, too many companies and organizations continue to rely on these ineffective and potentially damaging practices to fill vacancies. Before beginning to learn about Performance-based Selection, its important to understand some of the problems with current selection practices. Credentials and years of work experience do not ensure success on the job Too many interviews, too many delays Grievances, complaints, termination and turnover Job Description Person Specification Problems with current advertisement Reference checking Reliability Validity Research design Research design gives out a blue print of whole the dissertation that shows how and in what pattern will be the dissertation. It gives a broader view to develop the understanding of the research. It joins the different elements and links together so that the whole dissertation makes sense. In my research is over all a qualitative approach, which includes different kinds of methods for collecting, analysing, formulisation and interpreting the data and information. My research will be in the following manners:- Research In this step I will try to gather information on the topic of role HRM and problems faced by the HR Managers. HRM is a very vast subject and there are huge numbers of resources available but I will confine myself only to the particular question that I will address. But to get the right and relevant information I will try to refer to the available resources as much as possible, i.e. books, publish articles, journals, news papers and internet. Both Primary Data and Secondary data would be used to achieve the objectives of the research. For gather primary data, I will prefer to do face to face interview as it is easier for me to gather relevant information related to my research objectives. Furthermore, the main purpose of choosing primary data method is to put some fresh and up to date information in the dissertation instead of using just secondary data information. I would like to know the current issues and solutions related to my research problem. On the other hand, for secondary data collection, I will prefer to gather information from a case study. At the end, I would like to compare and contrast the information gathered through primary and secondary data collection to finalize and to find a possible solution for the research problem. From this way, I will find an up to date solution for my research problem. Moreover, I would like to give some suggestions as well for future research relating to my research problem. Secondary Data Collection:  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€š For Secondary Research Method, data collection will be completed through library based research to investigate that how the role of project manager is affected by the changes surrounding an organization and issues that affect the progress of the organization that will be done by a case study that has been written in the past to sum up a conclusion. In defining the case study method, academics have laid emphasis on it being a method to investigate contemporary phenomena in real life context and the use of multiple sources of evidence to gain such evidence (see Yin 2003 and Schramm ( 1971). For the purpose, the information will be gathered from different databases. Secondary data will be derived from books, articles, journals and magazines. The secondary data would also be ascertained from the following sources: Ayton Library, UMSIT, Journal Articles and Databases like Emerald, Pro-quest, and Business Resources Premier. Justification for Case Study for Secondary Data Collection: The researcher has some advantages due to which the researcher has preferred to use case study like it makes the researcher in a position to efficiently investigate and understand all the issues and obstacles faced by project manager in real particle life and to analyze the companies. Qualitative methods such as the outcome-matrix and histograms will be used. Quantitative statistical tests will also be use to confirm the impact of identified factors on case outcomes. After gathering data from Questioner (Primary Research), I will analyze and compare it with information gained earlier through library research i.e. case study (Secondary Research) to conclude my research objectives and to provide possible solutions for the current problems faced by project managers. Formulate Questioner: For Primary Research Method, after digging the information from different sources, I will make a questioner that contains question relevant to my dissertation that contains around 30 to 50 questions for the HRM Managers. These questions will address the overall role of HRM and the question that will identify current problems faced by the HRM Managers for selection and recruitment of employees. Furthermore, for the purpose, I would like to take face to face interview to the participant because it is more suitable to the research problem. Face-to- Face Interview: A face to face interview is a very commonly used process of selecting the right candidate. It gives management a better option to meet the candidate and ask questions and hear the arguments given by the candidate for his selection and competence for the job. An interview works out in a way that candidate comes in front of the interviewer or panel of judges. Judges then ask question directly from the candidate and form their judgment on the suitability of candidate for the job. In most of the interviews, candidates are not informed about interview decision. First board interview all the candidates, then after consulting each other make any decision. An interview is always considered to be more suitable because both interviewer and interview have a chance to talk about their suitability about the job. In this stage, the panel can assess the various areas of knowledge and competency will be assessed, areas such as including teamwork, leadership potential, communication skills, problem solving, lateral thinking and decision-making ability. Apart from that we can say that interviews can be of two types which are as follows. Informal Interview Formal Interview Informal Interview: In some of the organizations employers call the applicant for an informal interview. These interviews are very helpful in exchange of information concerning about the candidates previous gained work experience and knowledge. Apart from that it also helps the applicants to know about the organization and get to know the role and nature of job. It should be noted here that informal interviews has no effect on the selection decision of the candidates. Formal Interviews: Formal interviews are those which affect the selection decision of the candidate. In these interviews, candidates come in front of the selection board and reply to the question asked by the panel. The whole purpose of the interview is to see and access the suitability of the candidate. Justification for Interview for Primary Data Collection: There are many advantages for choosing face to face interview for the research problem. The main purpose of face-t-face (or direct) interviews are that the researcher could clarify its questions quite easily and he/she could easy explain the question properly to the participant during interview meeting. It saves time as well as compare to email questionnaire responses. Furthermore, another bit advantage for choosing face to face interview is that the researcher could get any discomfort through body language of the participant from where it could be judged weather the person is answering right or wrong. From body language of the participant, it will become easy for the researcher to get the right information related to the research problem which could not be possible to detect from a telephone interview or from any email questionnaire responses. Moreover, face-to-face interview guides and supports the interviewee to gather the desired results in short period of time from the partici pant. Therefore, from this kind of interview, the research could judge the feelings and expressions of the participant that weather the respondent is replying truth or not. Limitations of the face to face interview: There are many limitations and disadvantages as well of the face to face interview like the respondent might feel uncomfortable and uneasy to reply to the questions at the moment of interview. To get time for interview is another problem as well for the researcher as it is a big problem to get time for the meeting. So the researcher could get problem of having meeting with the participant. Moreover, another main disadvantage of the face-to-face interview is that there could occur the geographically limitations as well depends on the survey either it is to be carried out nationally or internationally. Analysing Data It is the third step of my dissertation, the data gathered through questioner, I will analyse and compare it with the information gained earlier through a lab-research. I will analyse the data as I am going on right track or not. I will find out that whether the gathered information is relevant to my dissertation objectives or not? Identify Issues After having both bookish and empirical knowledge, I will identify the issues highlighted in text and problems and flaws faced by the HRM Managers and try to compare the difference. Suggest a Solution This will be going to be the last concluding part of my dissertation where at the end I will try to provide a possible solution for the current problems faced. I will try to suggest more related topics for further future research as well to my dissertation problem. Problems and  ethical issues Problems and ethical issues are part of any research, especially when research includes more of qualitative data, interviews or survey forms. In my research I can face several problems relating to my project in general and specific, i.e. most important obstacle is making and drafting survey form, which can identify the problems faced by HRM Managers relating to selection and recruitment. Then second problem I might face is to convert the qualitative data into quantitative form. It is important because different firms or organisations have different resources. So I will have to confine my research into small, medium and large organisation. This discrimination is important because problems faced by a small business organisation are different from a large organisation. Ethical issues are also of great importance and need to be carefully considered while doing research. Ethical issues may come across at any stage and place. Especially while doing any interview. The respondent will p rovide the required information easily when he/she feels comfort with the interviewer. Therefore, I will definitely keep the ethical issues in my mind. I will make sure the participant that the gathered information will be kept saved to me and will not be shared to any other purposes except my dissertation. It is a very wide topic so I need to carry out the research to cover this topic and I can face the problem like race against the time. I will try my best to overcome the time problem and for the purpose I did make the timetable as shown below:- Plan or timetable Below is the time table, week wise that plots when I will do major elements of the project.   Through-out these activities, I will do the writing of my report simultaneously in order to save my time and convenient. Some students may find it easy to write a rough draft while doing the major elements but whereas I find is a little hard. My timetable defining the various major activities with the time are as follows. 1-3rdWeek: I will gather all relevant information from available resources. 3-6th Week: I will formulate questioner with the help of teacher and distribute. 6-8th Week: I will analyse the gathered information and will make a comparison. 8-11th Week: I will identify issues will propose a Solution. 12-14th Week: I will cross do checks with Lecturer. 15th Week: I will submit my final dissertation in university to my supervisor.

Death Penalty The Cruelty of Capital Punishment Essay

The Cruelty of Capital Punishment Capital punishment is the legal infliction the death penalty. It is obviously the most severe form of criminal punishment. (Bedau1) Capital punishment is a controversial way of dealing with violent criminals. The main alternative to the death penalty is life in prison. Capital punishment has been around for thousands of years as a means of eradicating criminals. A giant debate started between supporters and opposers of execution, over the morality and effectiveness of the death penalty. The supporters claim that if you take a life you should pay with your life or an eye for an eye. Opposers of the death penalty bring up the chance of sentencing the innocent and how the death penalty is†¦show more content†¦Cesare Beccaria wrote On Crimes and Punishment, a book criticizing torture and the death penalty, in 1764. Cesare drove many other philosophers, like Voltaire and Jerry Bentham, to question the validity of using capital punishment. (Bedau2) Contrary to what some may believ e the process of sentencing a defendant is a very arduous and time-taking ordeal. After he has been arrested as the suspect of a crime the defendant will either tried in a state or federal court system. The lowest court that a litigant can be sent to is the Court of General jurisdiction (state level) or the US District Courts (federal level). Any time in the trial the defense may choose to appeal. Even if a suspect is sentenced to a crime the case may be appealed for a variety of reasons. The defendants lawyer could claim that the defendants rights were violated when he was arrested, that the defendant received an unfair trial, or new evidence that could prove the defendants innocence has surfaced. (Guernsey,16) Next the appeal is taken to the Intermediate Appellate Courts (state) or the US Courts of Appeals (federal) who will decide if the trial court has erred in some way. If the appeal is granted In the state court system the appellate will be sent to the State Supreme Court, or in the federal system, to the supreme. From the State Supreme Court the case may be appealed again to the Supreme Court. Once the case has reached the supreme court the verdict is final. (Guernsey,15) This monotonousShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment : An Unnecessary Practice1630 Words   |  7 PagesCapital Punishment: an Unnecessary Practice I. Introduction The debate of whether the capital punishment is morally and politically appropriate has historical origins. The practice of capital punishment in America started when British settlers discovered the new world and created the first American colonies. Despite of the practice of the death penalty being ancient, capitals crimes have changed over time. 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To Kill A Mockingbird Chapter Summaries Free Essays

Chapter 2-3 Dill goes back to his hometown.. ]em and scout have first day of skool ms. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill A Mockingbird Chapter Summaries or any similar topic only for you Order Now Caroline tries to give money to Walter Cunningham for lunch but he never has lunch he’s supa poor scout gets in trouble for being able to read and write then burris ewell makes ms. Caroline cry scout wants to drop outta skool but makes a compromise wit atticus that she will go to skool if they keep reading everynight. Chapter 4 Scout thinks something is missing and school wasn’t really in her future. She finds 2 pieces of gum near the Radley property but Jem makes her spit it out then the next day they find two pennies and keep them†¦ Scout and Calpurnia are getting along. Mrs. Henry Lafayette Dubose meanest old lady ever. Jem roles scout down the road ina tire she falls out and Jem acts tuff and gets the tire out off boo’s yard then they play Boo Radley (reinactment) Jem says boo radly is dead but that makes scout nervous because she knows he isnt Sent from my Verizon Wireless BlackBerry Chapter 5 Dill purposed to Scout then forgot about it a little later in the summer. Dill and Jem excluded Scout. Scout became closer to Ms. Maudie Atkinson. (Widow Scout describes as chameleon lady, hates her house and gardens. ) Scout and Ms. Maudie talk about the Bible. The 3 kids try to dangle a fishing pole with a note on it saying come out to Boo Radley, but Atticus gets mad. Chapter 6 It is the last day Dill is in Maycomb, and at night they decide to try to catch a glimpse of Boo Radley, but they see a shadow and run away. While they are running, Scout trips and makes a gunshot noise (or Boo shoots not sure) they try to meet at a tree near school but Jem’s pants get stuck on a fence and have to lie to the adults that he lost them in strip poker to Dill. During the night he goes and gets them even though Scout tells him not too. Chapter 7 Scout is now in 2nd grade and Jem tells her that the night he went back to Radley Place for his pants, they had been sewed messily and folded like someone knew he would come back. They also found a ball of grey string in the hiding spot they discovered. The next day they found 2 pieces of soap with images carved in the shape of a boy a other in a crude dress. They realize the images carved in are themselves. They are trying to figure out who did it. Two weeks later they find a whole pack of gum. Four days later they found a broken pocket watch with an aluminum knife. They write a thank-you note to the giver, but Nathan Radley had cemented in the whole saying it was dying but it was really healthy. Chapter 8 Scout says her and Jem haven’t been obeying their dad, Atticus. Mrs. Radley died but no one really cared. It snows for the first time and Scout is scared because she’s never seen snow. They have a snow day and no one but them seems to like the snow. They make a large snow man filled with dirt because they don’t have much snow. Ms. Maudie’s house catches on fire along with Ms. Rachel’s but only Ms. Maudie’s burns down. Somehow a mysterious blanket appears around Scout’s shoulders. It is implied that Boo Radley put it there. Jem comes clean about all their secrets. They return Ms. Maudie’s hat and hedge clipper that they had borrowed to diguise the snowman. Chapter 9 Scout gets mad because Cecil Jacobs says Atticus defends blacks (in court). Scout keeps trying to get out of going to school. Atticus only tells her yes (he does defend a black) and his name is Tom Robinson (a good friend of Cal’s). He doesn’t want to tell Scout what the case is. He says he took the case to keep respect. Scout talks about Cousin Ike. Uncle Jack stays with them for a week and gives them air rifles. Then, they visit Finch’s landing for Christmas. Francis, her annoying cousin, also gives her trouble over Atticus taking Tom Robinson’s case. Chapter 10 Atticus is very old (50) unlike the childrens’ classmates. He has a â€Å"boring† Job. He never drinks or anything so he isn’t very inconspicous. Atticus says its a sin to kill a mockingbird because all they do is sing. Scout tries to shoot Ms. Maudie’s butt, so Atticus goes over to warn her. The kids go hunting and find Tim a hurt old dog, so they want to help him, but Cal calls around to warn people about the mad dog. The ops come and everyone locks themselves inside. Someone hands Atticus a gun to shoot the dog but he refuses. He ends up shooting the dog and his kids cannot believe he shot the dog. They find out that Atticus’ nickname was old one shot. Ms. Maudie tells the kids he gave up hunting because he thought god gave him an unfair advantage. Chapter 1 1 Jem and Scout hate Mrs. Dubose and think she keeps a pistol concealed, and they tried not to past her house. Atticus says Mrs. Dubose is old and sick and not to let her get to Jem. Jem and Scout go to town to buy himself a little steam engine and Scout a aton. But, Jem gets very mad when she says Atticus isn’t any better than the n*ggers he defends. Scout pulls him away. When they walk back home, Mrs. Dubose wasnt on the porch. Jem snatched her baton and ran through her yard and left only when he ruined all of her camellia flower bushes, he broke Scouts baton. Atticus gets mad at Jem for ruining Mrs. Dubose’s garden and makes him go apologize to her. Atticus says he couldn’t go to church if he didn’t take Tim Robinson’s case. Mrs. Dubose has Jem clean up her yard and says every saturday he has to work on her yard and every ay except Sundays tor a month ne nas to read to her. Scout describes ner as very ugly. While he was reading, she began to become distant (NOT in a good way). They ask if she is okay. Atticus tells Scout what a n*gger lover is. They realize that the alarm clock has been going off a little later each day. They finally finish all the reading and are very happy. Mrs. Dubose dies and Atticus brings a candy box home from her for Jem. Atticus wrote her will and she broke herself from her morphine addiction right before she died. She died free as the â€Å"mountain air† the box has a white camellia in it. He yells â€Å"Oh hell devil! Atticus wanted Jem to see how courageous she was and courage isn’t a man with a gun it is someone that knows they are going to lose but still goes through with whatever they are doing. Chapter 12 Jem is 12 and Scout realizes she shouldn’t bother him. Jem tells her to be a girl. Summer comes and Dill doesn’t come because he has a new father that he will be spending time with him. He st arts reading the paper and all that. Cal says the kids can go to church with her, they are excited. Everyone is respectful of the group, except for Lulu, who asks why Cal brought white kids to a n*gger church. No instruments or books inside, Just a wooden fan for everyone. Even though the kids have dimes, they take Cal’s. The priest introduces them and says, â€Å"you all know their father. † They count the money and say no one can leave until they have $10 to help Tim’s family. The priest says that Atticus was the church’s best friends. Cal tells Scout that Tim is in Jail for supposedly raping Mr. Ewell’s girl. Scout doesn’t know what a rape is. The kids find out that no one from the church can read and that Cal’s supposed birthday is on christmas. Cal worked on Finch’s Landing since she could ork and has always worked for the Finchs. Cal told the kids that she spoke like she was black with her neighbors at church so she wouldn’t be out of place. Chapter 13 Aunt Alexandra visits. Her and Atticus decided it would be good for Scout to have a feminine role model. Atticus comes back and tells the kids that he thinks it is a good idea for Auntie to live with them, but Scout knows it was Auntie’s idea. She became secretary to a Maycomb club. The town is so small and everyone married in it, so Scout says everyone looks alike. Auntie tells Atticus to do and he does tell the kids to live up to the Finch name. Scout and Jem feels like Atticus isn’t the same person, but he changes back because Aunt Alexandra told him to. Chapter 14 When Jem and Scout are going through town, people keep making comments and someone says something about rape, so when Atticus got home Scout asked him what rape was. Atticus says rape is â€Å"carnal knowledge of a female by force and without consent. † She asks him why Cal wouldn’t tell her what rape was if that was all it was. Scout asks if she can go to Cal’s house, but Auntie sharply says no. Scout over hears Auntie saying they should get rid of Cal. Scout and Jem brawl but Atticus eparates them. Scout thinks there’s a snake under her bed but it turns out to be Dill. He hates his new father and tells them that a nearby farmer had been feeding him. Chapter 1 Dill scout and Jem follow atticus to town where they find him sitting in front of Tom robbinson’s Jail cell, he waited until a huge mob of people cam in one of the people being the cunningham father. Scout starts sauing things about mr. Cunningham’s son, and she gets the whole entire mob to leave tom alone without even realizing that she did so Chapter 16 The kids and Atticus go out in the night. In the morning Atticus says Braxton Underwood is a negro-hater, and Aunt Alexandra tells him not to say that infront of Cal, but Atticus says she probably knows and she also knows how much she means to them. Scout has noticed a change in Atticus over the past three days. They talk about how even though Mr. Cunningham was ready to kill Atticus with the mob they are still friends and the mob people are still people otherwise Scout couldn’t have stopped them. Scout says when Walter comes back to school she’s going to kill him, but Atticus tells her NOT to. Atticus tells the kids not to go downtown that day. (NOTE: pg 218 good quote atticus’ parenting and profession) How to cite To Kill A Mockingbird Chapter Summaries, Papers To Kill a Mockingbird Chapter Summaries Free Essays To Kill a Mockingbird Chapter Summaries CH. 1 * The story begins with an injury: the narrator’s brother Jem got his arm broken when he was thirteen. * While the arm is never quite as good as new, it doesn’t interfere with Jem’s mad football skills, so he doesn’t care much. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird Chapter Summaries or any similar topic only for you Order Now * Years afterward, brother and narrator argue over where the story really starts: the narrator blames it on the Ewell family, while Jem (the older sibling by four years) puts the beginning at the summer they first met Dill. The flash-forward conversation continues: the narrator says that if you want to get technical about it, everything began with Andrew Jackson, whose actions led to their forefather Simon Finch settling where they did. * The flash-forward becomes a flashback: Simon Finch was a pious and miserly Englishman who left his home country to wander around America, before settling in Alabama with his accumulated wealth, his family, and his slaves. * Simon’s homestead was called Finch’s Landing, and was a mostly self-sufficient estate run by Simon’s male descendents, selling cotton to buy what the farm couldn’t produce itself. The wealth went away with the Civil War, but the tradition of living off the land at Finch’s Landing remained. * Th e current generation, however, has bucked the trend: Atticus, the narrator’s father, studied law in Montgomery, while his younger brother went all the way to Boston to become a doctor. * The only Finch left at the Landing is their sister Alexandra and her quiet, inactive husband. * After becoming a lawyer, Atticus returned to Maycomb, the county seat of Maycomb County, twenty miles from Finch’s landing. * Atticus saved his money to put his younger brother through med school. Atticus feels at home in Maycomb, not least because he’s related to nearly everyone in the town. * Out of the flashback, into the present-time of the story (which we already know the narrator’s actually remembering: hop over to â€Å"Point of View/Narrative Voice† if you want the 411 on that right now). * The narrator thinks about the Maycomb s/he (we don’t know which yet) knew: it’s not a happening place. Everyone moves slower than sweat, and there’s not m uch worth hurrying for, let alone much sense of what might be happening outside the county lines. The narrator lives on the town’s main residential drag with her brother Jem, her father Atticus, and their cook Calpurnia, who is a force to be reckoned with. * You may notice there’s no mom to be found: she died when the narrator was two, and the narrator doesn’t really remember her, though Jem does. * The story really gets underway the summer when the narrator is five going on six and Jem is nine going on ten. * This is the summer Dill arrives in Maycomb. * Their first meeting happens like this: Jem and the narrator are playing in their backyard, hear a noise next door, and go to check it out. The find a small boy, six going on seven but looking younger, who introduces himself as Charles Baker Harris and announces that he can read. * Charles Baker Harris says that people call him Dill, so we will too. * Dill tells the narrator and Jem a bit about himself: he’s from Meridian, Mississippi, but he’s spending the summer with his aunt, the young Finches’ next-door neighbor Miss Rachel. * Unlike the rural Finches, he’s had access to movie theatres, and so he regales them with the story of Dracula. * The narrator asks Dill about his father, who isn’t dead but also isn’t around. Dill gets a bit embarrassed about the dad question, so Jem tells his sibling to shut up. * Dill, Jem, and the narrator spend the summer acting out stories from the books they’ve read, over and over and over, until they start to get bored. * Dill comes to the rescue with a new idea: they can try to make Boo Radley come out. * The Radley Place is the haunted house of the neighborhood, complete with ghost: Boo Radley, who got in trouble with the law as a teenager and has been holed up in the house unseen ever since. The kids think his family might be keeping him prisoner. The house has quite the reputation with the neighborhood kids, who avoid it at all costs. * The narrator tells us a story about Boo that Jem got from Miss Stephanie Crawford, the neighborhood busybody: that Boo, then 33 years old, had been cutting out newspaper articles for his scrapbook when suddenly he stabbed the scissors into his father’s leg, then calmly went back to what he was doing. * After that B oo was locked up by the police briefly, and there was talk of sending him to an insane asylum, but he ended up back in the Radley Place. * Still after that, old Mr. Radley, Boo’s father, died, but he was soon replaced by Boo’s older brother Nathan, and nothing much changed at the Radley Place. * Rumor has it that Boo gets out at night and stalks around the neighborhood, but none of the kids has ever actually seen him. * Jem makes up horror stories about what Boo’s like (think a cross between a vampire and a zombie), but Dill still wants to see him. * Dill dares Jem to go knock on the Radleys’ door. * Jem tries to get out of it without showing he’s scared, but gives in when Dill says he doesn’t have to knock, just touch the door. Jem works up his nerve, dashes up to the house, slaps the door, and runs back at top speed without looking behind him. * The three children, after getting to safety on their own porch, look at the Radley Place, but all they see is the hint of an inside shutter moving. CH. 2 * The summer ends and Dill heads back home to Meridian. * The narrator looks forward to joining the kids at school for the first time instead of spying on them through a telescope like a pint-size stalker. * Jem takes the narrator to school, and explains that it’s different from home – and he doesn’t want his first-grade sibling cramping his fifth-grade style. The narrator’s teacher is a young woman by the name of Miss Caroline Fisher, who’s from North Alabama, otherwise known to the native Maycombians as Crazy Land. * Miss Caroline reads the class a story about cats, and seems blithely unaware that she’s already completely lost her audience, a bunch of farm kids whom the narrator says are â€Å"immune to imaginative literature† (2. 8). * Miss Caroline puts the alphabet up on the board, which all of the class already knows (most of them are starting first grade for the second time). Miss Caroline asks the narrator to read, and is not pleased that she’s already good at it. * Miss Caroline assumes, despite the narrator’s disagr eement, that Atticus has taught the narrator how to read, and decrees that these lessons must stop because Atticus isn’t a licensed teacher and therefore is doing his child more harm than good. * The narrator gets the impression that reading, which seems to come as naturally as breathing, is something like a sin when it’s done out of class. * Trying to stay out of further trouble, the narrator zones out till recess, then complains to Jem. Jem says that Miss Caroline is at the center of educational reform in the school, which he calls â€Å"the Dewey Decimal System† (2. 25). * This new system results in boring class time, so the narrator starts writing (in cursive) a letter to Dill. Miss Caroline makes the narrator stop, saying that first graders print, and cursive isn’t taught until third grade. * The narrator remembers that Calpurnia had passed rainy days by giving writing lessons. * Miss Caroline is halted in her inspection of her students’ lunch es by Walter Cunningham, who doesn’t have one. She tries to lend him a quarter for lunch, but he refuses to take it. * The narrator, whose name we now learn is Jean Louise, steps in, explaining to Miss Caroline that Walter is a Cunningham. * That explanation, crystal clear to Jean Louise, doesn’t mean much to Miss Caroline, so she explains further: the Cunninghams won’t take anything from anybody, preferring to get by on the little they have. * Flashback: Jean Louise knows about the Cunninghams because Walter’s father hired Atticus to sort out an entailment on his property, and paid for the service by barter rather than in cash. Back to the schoolroom present: Jean Louise wants to explain everything properly, but doesn’t have the ability, so she just says that Miss Caroline is making Walter ashamed by trying to lend him money he can’t pay back. * Miss Caroline cracks at this, and calls Jean Louise up to the front of the class, where she pats her hand with the ruler and makes her stand in the corner. * The class breaks out laughing when they realize that the ruler taps were supposed to be corporal punishment. * The bell rings and everyone leaves for lunch, with Miss Caroline collapsing with her head in her hands at her desk. How to cite To Kill a Mockingbird Chapter Summaries, Essay examples

The Progressive Era Essay Example For Students

The Progressive Era Essay The Progressive Era Essay The progressive era was a time of great change, the way people thought and what they did began to change quickly. Industry and business also changed a great deal in this era, with the many new inventions and strong businessmen things where rapidly changing. The progressive era lasted about 40 years, from 1879-1920. In 1879 Tomas Edison invented the electric light, I guess you could say he just lit the way for may other inventions that people made during this time period. The progressives where middle class people that where mostly composed of young people who wanted things to change, they believed that educating people was the best way to overcome a problem. They formed volunteer organizations that people would come to and they would educate them on what they thought the problem was with something. Some of the organizations I found where: (American Bar Association, U.S Chamber of Commerce, National Association for the advancement of Colored People, and many others. I think that they did this to increase the awareness of a problem and try to fight that problem with strength in numbers and educations, both are very strong weapons when tackling a problem. Muckraking was another way people got their point across, they would find out all the information that they could on a person and they would basically, just drag their good name thought the mud, telling the people about, the things that they might not know, the corrupt things and bad deals and kickbacks those types of things. A well known muckraker would be Ida Tarbell, She dragged John D. Rockefellers name thought the mud, exposing bad trust and how he was a ruthless business man, Another muckraker was Upton Sinclair, He wrote a book, to show the American people how bad, the food was, and how disgusting it was, a famous quote of his was I aimed for the peoples hearts and I hit them right in the stomach, making reference to how gross the book really was. Teddy Roosevelt was a very strong influence during the progressive era; He used his power a president to get what he wanted as a progressive. He helped things like the pure food and drug act pass, and used the Sherman Antitrust act to dissolve Carnegies Monopoly. He was a very strong leader and was not about to be pushed around, so it was very good to have him as president during the Progressive era when some are fighting for the new and some are fighting for the old. The city and state reforms, where to stops powerful figures like boss Tweed who was very corrupt and, had everyone in the city in his back pocket. They Reformed so that their wouldnt be just a boss, (a person that made every decision), they made it so the people had to stand behind him on his decisions, their needed to be a vote on all laws that where passed, and all people could try to pass laws with enough peoples support. Also with the reform, workmans compensation became, now if people where hurt to the point they couldnt work, they would be compensated until they could come back. Education was a very big thing to the progressives; they believed that an educated person could handle any problem. They pushed for more women to go to college and for more children to start school. The progressives believe that by putting large numbers of children in school they will soon have and enlightened population. Womens rights where fought for during the progressive era. Women began to hold steady jobs, Even though the jobs where the ones that where the least paying, and the ones with the least opportunity. Macbeth Essay Summary Not all reform movements are successful in making an actual change, however even if a significant change isnt made their message is still shared with the public. Reform group leaders are usually involved in the government and have a strong charisma, which helps them convey their message. Jesse Louis Jackson is one of Americas strongest political figures. Over the past three decades he has played a major role in just about every movement for empowerment, peace, civil rights, gender equality, and economic and social justice. Reverend Jackson has been called the conscience of the nation and the great unifier, challenging America to establish just and humane priorities, and bringing people together on .